Titanium Capillary Tube

A titanium capillary is a slender tubular product made of pure titanium or a titanium alloy through precision machining. It has the characteristics of small outer diameter, thin wall thickness and high precision, and also has the excellent performance of titanium material itself.

Product name: Titanium Capillary tube

Density: 4.51g/cm3

Standard: ASTM B861 ASTM B338 ASTM B337,ASTM B862
OD :0.4mm-15mm or as customized

Wall Thickness: 0.02-1mm or as customized

Length：10- 6000mm

Type: Seamless, Welded, ERW, Fabricated

End: Plain End, Beveled End, Threaded

Color: Silver

Grade: Gr1,Gr2,Gr5(Ti-6Al-4V),Gr7,Gr9,Gr12,Gr23(Ti-6Al-4V Eli)

Surface: Polished, Machining, Acid Pickling

The processing technology of titanium capillaries must take into account the material's characteristics (high strength and susceptibility to oxidation) as well as precision requirements. The process is rigorous and primarily includes the following key stages:

Raw Material Preparation

Select titanium rods or tubes that meet purity standards (such as TA2 industrial pure titanium or TC4 titanium alloy) to ensure uniform chemical composition and avoid impurities that could affect subsequent processing performance.

Pre-treat the raw materials by cutting them to appropriate lengths and removing surface oxide scales and oil stains.

Forming Process

Hot extrusion/hot rolling: Heat the titanium billet to near its β-phase transition temperature (approximately 800–1000°C), then perform die extrusion or rolling to initially shape it into a thicker tube, laying the foundation for subsequent precision processing.

Cold drawing/cold rolling: This is the core step to achieve precise dimensions. Through multiple cold drawing steps, the thick tube is gradually reduced to the target outer diameter and wall thickness. The deformation per pass must be strictly controlled (typically 5%–20%) to prevent tube cracking. Annealing may be required between passes to relieve work hardening and maintain plasticity.

Heat Treatment

Depending on the material and performance requirements, annealing (e.g., vacuum annealing at 300–700°C) or solution-aging treatment is performed to eliminate internal stress, adjust the titanium's crystal structure (α-phase/β-phase ratio), and balance strength and toughness.

Precision Machining

Cutting: Use diamond tools or laser cutting to cut the tubes to the required length, ensuring flat, burr-free cuts.

Straightening: Use precision straightening equipment to correct tube curvature and ensure straightness, especially for long capillaries.

Surface Treatment

Acid pickling (using a nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid solution) removes oxide layers and oil stains formed during processing and forms a natural oxide film to enhance basic corrosion resistance.

Suppose higher precision or special properties are required. In that case, additional treatments such as polishing (mechanical or chemical, to reduce surface roughness) or sandblasting (to increase surface roughness and enhance bonding strength) may be applied.

Titanium capillaries must undergo multi-dimensional inspections before leaving the factory to ensure dimensional accuracy, performance indicators, and quality stability. Common inspection items include the following:

Dimensional Accuracy Inspection

Outer diameter and wall thickness: Precision instruments such as laser diameter gauges and wall thickness micrometers are used to measure the outer diameter (typically required within an error of ±0.01 mm) and wall thickness (controlled within ±0.005 mm) to ensure compliance with design specifications.

Length and straightness: Calipers are used to measure length deviation, and a straightness tester is used to assess bending (usually required to be ≤0.5 mm per meter) to avoid issues during assembly or fluid transport.

Inner diameter: For small-diameter capillaries, through gauges, stop gauges, or optical imagers are used to ensure that the inner diameter is clear and meets dimensional standards.

Surface Quality Inspection

Appearance inspection: Visual inspection or observation with a magnifying glass is performed to check for surface defects such as cracks, scratches, dents, oxide scale, oil stains, and other abnormalities.

Surface roughness: A roughness tester is used to measure surface finish. For example, medical-grade capillaries often require Ra ≤ 0.8 μm to ensure low fluid resistance and meet biocompatibility requirements.

Mechanical Properties Testing

Tensile test: Samples are taken to test tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation, ensuring the material meets the grade standard (e.g., TA2 pure titanium must have a tensile strength ≥ 345 MPa).

Hardness test: A Vickers hardness tester is used to measure surface hardness and verify that the heat treatment has achieved the desired effect.

Internal Quality Inspection

Non-destructive te, such as eddy current testing or ultrasonic testing, is conducted to detect internal defects, includingch as cracks, inclusions, or pores.

Metallographic analysis: Samples are sectioned for metallographic examination. The grain structure and uniformity are observed under a microscope to confirm that the heat treatment process is qualified.

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